![]() ![]() Among various crystallographic polymorphs of MnO 2, layered δ-type MnO 2 exhibits a relatively large interlayer spacing (about 0.7 nm in the (0 0 1) plane), enabling this type of material to be suitable for facile and reversible (de-)intercalation of Zn 2+ ions ( Wang et al., 2019a). (2020) recently proposed an electrolyte-decoupling strategy to widen the working potential of Zn-MnO 2 battery and achieved a large open-circuit voltage of 2.83 V as well as good cyclability. (2016) studied the electrochemical performances of aqueous Zn//α-MnO 2 battery in a ZnSO 4 aqueous electrolyte with MnSO 4 additive and realized excellent rate capability and great cyclability (92% capacity retention after 5000 cycles. developed Zn//ZnSO 4//MnO 2 cell chemistry in 1986 for the first time, lots of impressive works have been dedicated to this field ( Yamamoto and Shoji, 1986 Guo et al., 2020 Xie et al., 2020). Actually, various suitable and advanced cathode materials such as MnO 2 polymorphs, vanadium-based oxides ( Kundu et al., 2016 Soundharrajan et al., 2018), Prussian blue analogs ( Zhang et al., 2015 Yang et al., 2019), and organic compounds ( Guo et al., 2018 Tie et al., 2020) have been extensively explored.Īs one of the most promising cathode materials, MnO 2 possesses the merits of low cost, high theoretical capacity (308 mAh g –1, based on one electron reaction), high output voltage (∼1.4 V), and environmental friendliness ( Jin et al., 2019 Zhang et al., 2019 Chen et al., 2020). Moreover, the ionic radius of Zn 2+ (0.74 Å) is smaller than that of Na + (1.02 Å) and close to that of Li + (0.69 Å) ( Kundu et al., 2016 Zhang et al., 2017), making AZIBs a promising candidate for future energy storage devices. In particular, the zinc metal shows high theoretical capacity, adequate redox potential for aqueous energy storage, and high abundance with low cost ( Wan et al., 2018 Wang et al., 2018). ![]() Recently, aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have attracted significant attention, mainly attributed to the advantages of aqueous electrolytes and zinc metal anodes ( Tang et al., 2019 Li et al., 2020). Thus, it is extremely important to develop alternative energy storage devices. Despite the wide-range applications of lithium ion batteries (LIBs), LIBs still suffer from a series of problems because of the often-used organic electrolytes ( Randau et al., 2020). The results of this study show great prospects of hybridizing biomass-derived carbon framework with electrochemically active materials toward advanced energy storage materials.Ĭonsidering the growing demands for efficient and reliable energy storage devices in modern society, low-cost, good-safety, and long-lifespan rechargeable batteries are urgently needed. Such superior performances are attributed to the synergetic effect of nanostructured δ-MnO 2 and porous carbon scaffold, which is in favor of rapid Zn 2+ ion diffusion and large contribution ratio of pseudocapacitive Zn 2+ ion intercalation. Meanwhile, the assembled Zn–MnO 2 battery displays good long-term cycling stability (82% capacity retention after 1000 cycles). Benefiting from the high electrical conductivity of porous carbon, the LPC/δ-MnO 2 cathode material can offer high discharge capacity of 332.3 mAh g –1 at 0.2 A g –1 and excellent high-rate capability (196.1 mAh g –1 at 5 A g –1). To tackle these issues, we demonstrate a high-performance cathode material for Zn–MnO 2 batteries by hybridizing lignin-derived porous carbon with δ-MnO 2 (denoted as LPC/δ-MnO 2). Unfortunately, the structural instability and poor electrical conductivity of manganese dioxides still hinder their further applications. With the advantages of intrinsic safety, low price, high output potential, and acceptable energy density, aqueous rechargeable Zn–MnO 2 batteries are gradually emerging as promising energy storage devices in recent years. 3Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.2Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China. ![]()
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